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Cognitive Dissonance: Part 7 – Waiting On Fate June 11, 2008

Posted by Mark T. Market in Cognitive Dissonance.
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It has been a reflection of mine quite lately that for those with a true religion to speak of, their lives can be a little more comforting compared to mine. Over breakfast recently with my mother, she shared with me one possible regret of hers that if she had her whole life to do again she would change. I mentioned already that my mother once worked for the United Nations, and was assigned in Thailand as an expat officer. During her stint there she was given an offer to continue her social work for the U.N. but based in Vienna. This move would obviously entail uprooting our family–Thailand was still close enough to Manila, but Europe was a totally different matter altogether.

She thought long and hard about that offer, but ended up declining it, and cited her bottomline reason for doing so: family. Firstly, her parents. My mother was an only child herself, and her parents (my grandparents) lived with us in Manila–and at the time the job offer was made, both her parents were already pushing 80 years and although still ambulatory, were getting sick more often as is common with old age. Being assigned in Vienna, she could bring her children and her spouse, but there was no immediate accomodation for her parents. And being an only child, she feared being far from her parents at the twilight of their years.

As it turned out, my grandparents lived another 10 years after her decision to stay before they finally passed away.

Second, her children. Although we would have ended up being schooled in Vienna, work at the U.N. didn’t exactly form the definition of “free time with the kids”. We all knew that she would have a hectic schedule, which meant we would be growing up, albeit expat kids–but still mostly unsupervised. It was my own grandmother who cautioned my mother about the potential dangers of rearing unsupervised children in a very comfortable setting (read: spoiled).

Finally, her spouse. My own father was a lawyer and was working as a senior officer in Philippine Airlines at the time. His access to first class travel and my mother’s need to go around the world meant we would be jetsetters (and we were already having back-to-back trips to Thailand). However, this worked for a Manila-Bangkok arrangement, but not for Vienna. If we were going to Europe, my father would either have to remain in Manila, separated from us, or come along to Vienna, but as my mother’s dependent (there was little a Philippine lawyer can apply in a European setting). This last bit was the proverbial dealbreaker. My mother worried about the psychological trauma that would cause my dad–effectively reversing the gender roles–and that idea nailed the coffin shut.

Now, almost 20 years later, my mother said that she had no regrets about how things turned out nonetheless. We were all still able to school at the finest Philippine unversities, she was able to bury her parents gracefully, and she continues to have a loving relationship with my father.

I saw things a little differently. It was easy to fall in a smug acceptance of things, and chalk it up to fate (i.e. she was fated to decline that job offer, if only to see her family through), because she looked at it in 20/20 hindsight–and the worst kind of hindsight at that: that which only considers the possible negative effects that she had foregone by her decision. No mention is made about how our lives would have become better had she taken the offer.

It’s probably not an intentional slip on her part, as much as it was a psychologically comforting one. Having avoiding a loss feels so much better to entertain than the notion of having avoided an opportunity. But just thinking about it, it doesn’t make sense to imagine that the bad things were more likely to have happened compared to good things.

No regrets–is such a comfortable and convenient phrase, but it really means no thoughts. We’d rather not think about the better lives we could have lived–because to do so would have dramatic dissonance on our own self-esteem. Who wants to say that they’ve intentionally made their lives less attractive?

There’s also the “sunk cost” lingering there. For my mother, the job she gave up to rear her children was a cost–in both career, money, and self-esteem–that it made sense for her to think that she had given up that cost for something more valuable: better family life, good kids, happy husband, enriched parents. There’s also a little element of destiny involved–that which gives us almost certainty that we’re doing the right thing after all.

Which brings me back to my earlier comment: those with a real religion–whether it’s an actual organized religion, or a simple belief in fate and destiny–will find life more comfortable, simply because they are “meant” to do so. They won’t entertain how much better life could have been if things were any different. At the most mild cases (perhaps like say, my mother) it’s simply an emotional crutch to bridge the cost that she sacrificed, but at the most extreme cases this belief can breed deep complacency about things–being fatalistic and resigned to one’s existence.

My life is anything but fatalistic. I’ve had and continue to have my share of challenges, but I attribute my successes and failures solely to myself and my decisions. Although the world continues to evolve around me, I don’t blame fate or destiny for my problems insomuch as I blame my own efforts (or lack of). This can make life very cruel to people like me.

However it isn’t all one-sided. I also am saved from trying to ponder destiny, explaining God’s mysterious ways, or relying on fortunes and prophecies to guide me. But this is a pyrrhic benefit, until perhaps the final reward for my efforts, which I refuse to acknowledge openly lest I fall into a false sense of entitlement (ah but the temptation is strong).

Henry Drummond’s quote sums up my sentiments succinctly:

“Unless a man undertakes more than he possibly can do, he will never do all that he can.”

But not having a fate to blame but yourself does suck sometimes.

What Do You Want? – NLP and Outcomes June 6, 2008

Posted by Mark T. Market in Reflections.
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Deciding What You Want

Everything we do has a reason behind it. We always want something, although we are not always clear what it is. This applies right down to the most mundane levels. When you are hungry, your goal is to eat, when you are tired, your goal is to sleep. The streets are full of people, walking, driving, catching buses, trains and airplanes, and all of them are going somewhere for a reason.

So the presupposition of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) is:

Human behaviour is purposeful.

What do you want? You have long-term and short-term goals, these things you want and need: possessions, skills, work, relationships, states of mind, ways of working or being. NLP calls these outcomes — results that you want to create in the world. An outcome is much more specific than a goal. You only have an outcome when you know what you will see, hear and feel when you have it. Goals are what you want. Outcomes are what you create. Setting outcomes is the key to becoming the dominant creative force in your life.

Outcomes

We fail to achieve our outcomes for three main reasons:

  • they may not be realistically achievable
  • they may be insufficientl motivating
  • and, although they are desired, they may not be desirable from a wider viewpoint

To turn a goal into an outcome, to make it realistic, achievable, motivating and desirable, you have to explore it from different points of view.

Make sure it is expressed in the positive
This means moving towards what you want, not away from what you do not want. To turn a negative outcome into a positive, ask “What would this goal do for me if I got it?” or “What do I want instead?”

Determine what you have to do and what others have to do
Have as much of the outcome under your direct control as possible. If others need to act for you, think how you can arrange a “win-win outcome”. We can achieve little without others and unless yu think out the consequences from their viewpoint so you both win, they may not help you again. Ask yourself, “What do I need to do to ensure others want to help me achieve my outcome?”

Make the outcome as specific as possible
Imagine it in as much detail as you can. How long will it take? Set a realistic time limit, with an exact day if possible. Where and when do you want this goal? In which places, situations or parts of your life do you want it? With whom do you want the goal and with whom do you not want it? The more specific your outcome, the more real it becomes and the more you will notice opportunities to achieve it.

Be clear about your evidence for achievement
How will you know you have achieved your outcome? The evidence is through your five senses. What exactly will you see? What exactly will you hear? What exactly will you feel? What is the last piece of evidence before you get the outcome? For example, evidence for being more healthy might be that you will be the correct weight, with an improved complexion, and others will notice the difference.
You cannot achieve an outcome, or learn anything, without feedback and the sooner the feedback comes the better. The longer the time between action and feedback. the harder it is to learn and adjust.

Consider the resources available to achieve this outcome
Obvious resources are money and material possessions that you can use directly. People are resources. They may be able to help you directly or as role models. You can also use historical or fictional characters as role models. Personal qualities and skills are also resources. If you need certain qualities, think about how you could develop them.

Consider the consequences of achieving your outcome
Think of your outcome from different points of view. One of the best ways to explore the consequences is to take second position with significant other people. How does your outcome appear from their point of view. How does it affect them? How do they feel about it? When you think like this you will gain trust and help.
What else would happen? What will you have to give up by getting what you want? Also think about the time, money and the effort, both mental and physical, you will need to invest. Is the goal worth it?

Recognize the positive by-products of your present behaviour
Invariably the present situation will have some good qualities. How can you incorporate them into your outcome, so that you keep what is good about your present circumstances?

How does your outcome relate to your larger plans?
Your outcome is likely to be part of a larger outcome. Relate it to your other plans and outcomes. What does it help to achieve and why is this important?
When you connect your outcome to your values and life plans, it will be motivating. It is difficult to commit to an outcome that seems unimportant and disconnected from the rest of your life.

What smaller outcomes may be part of this outcome?
Your outcome may be large and unwieldy as it stands. There may be obstacles. You may need to break it down into a series of smaller, more manageable outocmes. Decide on the right sequence in which to do them, then begin.

Lastly, does this outcome feel right to you
Is it congruent with your sense of self, your identity? Is it you? If it is, take your insights and form an action plan, including one thing you can do immediately. Unless you act, the outcome will remain a dream.

from NLP, O’ Connor & McDermott

Cognitive Dissonance – Part 6: What Do You Believe? May 31, 2008

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Our beliefs are the foundations of our existence. In the simplest terms, we believe we are alive, so we strive to live and better our lives.

In the study of dying patients, many doctors have said that those patients who die first are those people who are resigned to death, and admitted to themselves that they will die or want to die. For some reason, that intention manifests itself, more than any other physiological condition or physical trauma.

Consider for instance, this story of a man who claims to have seen himself in the future:

What’s your first impulse upon hearing this tale? To understand or to disprove? To accept or to reject?

Studying cognitive dissonance is a toss-up between these two things: what we believe and what we cannot accept–and our attempt to bridge these two things.

Since I posted something about AIDS recently, see how you deal with cognitive dissonance on these two ideas:

  • There is a low incidence of condom use in the Philippines.
  • There is a low incidence of AIDS in the Philippines.

Check out this article about the above statements and try to check how your brain responds to the informative stimuli.

More cognitive dissonance to follow.

Cognitive Dissonance – Part 1: Beliefs Again May 3, 2008

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A couple of months ago, I had an interesting chat with Ricky Maramba, who is a common friend of my girlfriend and (who would have guessed) my mother. He authored a book entitled The Force which dealt with universal forces and how to harness them for your own benefit–not too far away from The Secret. The book is already out of print (it never really took off), but a few copies remain scattered around book sales.

It’s nice to talk to Ricky, because he has a very open and insightful view of religion and how they affect us. It’s really a touchy topic to most people, because for many, religion is a basic block of their beliefs, and to have them challenged or examined, is to shake the very foundations of how they think.

One reason why movies and books like the Da Vinci Code become sensational and popular, is because it provides another glimpse at commonly held assumptions.

One think Ricky mentioned stuck to me when we started talking about atheism. Does atheism mean:

“I don’t believe in God.” or;
“I don’t believe in a god.” or;
“I don’t have beliefs.”

It’s important to distinguish, because to reject “theism” and to simply not believe in it can be very different things. Ironically, atheists disagree amongst themselves a lot about what it means to be an atheist–as if atheism could be considered a religion in itself.

Interestingly, religion is my no means the only basically held tenet for many people. And my conversation with Ricky made me think about those other things that people consider “basic” to them–that if we knocked out those pillars, would it change people? For the better?

Ricky warned me before we engaged in our talk: “don’t take our banter too seriously, or you might get confused.” He knew my mother was a very religious person.

“Try me.” I said.

Mortal Sins March 27, 2008

Posted by Mark T. Market in Reflections.
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Moses Even as I’m immersing myself in my futuristic lifestyle with my HSDPA-enabled laptop, and reading emails in the thick of traffic along billboard-riddled EDSA… other things are changing in the world.

Remember the seven deadly sins (pride, lust, gluttony, sloth, wrath, greed and envy)? You might be interested to know that the vatican has declared additional sins–or modern day counterparts to those.

http://www.thedaily.com.au/news/2008/mar/11/seven-new-deadly-sins-declared-by-the-vatican/

http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storyPage.aspx?storyId=111744

1. “Bioethical” violations such as birth control
2. “Morally dubious” experiments such as stem cell research
3. Drug abuse
4. Polluting the environment
5. Contributing to widening divide between rich and poor
6. Excessive wealth
7. Creating poverty

Although most of these will be quite a non-brainer to most Catholics, 3 will be contentious: excessive wealth, birth control, and genetic research.

Use a condom and you go to hell.
Get rich and you go to hell.
Mess with your genetics and you go to hell.

Excessive wealth in particular is a touchy thing–because it can be relative. In a poor country like the Philippines, it isn’t that hard to poke above the median, if you get lucky enough. Or is the excess on a global level, so only Warren Buffett and Bill Gates get the Ninth Hell (include those guys who own Google, Youtube, and Facebook).

I find religious discussions interesting nowadays, because it’s only now that changes in the Church are becoming dramatic–in an institution that’s been pretty inert since our childhoods (the Church your parents and grandparents knew was virtually identical). Now we got new sins of the times.

Gives us all an opportunity to rethink our beliefs and values.

Many people I know were raised Catholic, but are actually living agnostic nowadays–although their ability to articulate their agnosticism leaves a lot to be desired.

Some people I know have also left Catholicism altogether for a more “wholesome” (my word) definition of Christianity (familiar question: Do you accept our Lord Jesus Christ as your personal Lord and Saviour?). Technically these wholesome beliefs fall under the category of Protestantism, which can be conservative or liberal Christianity.

I wonder how my Christian friends react to the Vatican’s declaration. Some of these folks are quite rich themselves, and use birth control. The agnostics won’t have a problem with that.

Interestingly, I heard anecdotally that Christianity (of the Catholic and Protestant sort) is becoming quite the rage in Africa now. While in Europe and North America it’s pretty much in stasis. It’s quite an odd correllation: developing countries are predominantly Christian, while more mature and developed economies are not. Something about the beliefs and values and the way its taught. Chicken or egg: ether the belief system is caused by the economic situation, or the economic situation is caused by the belief system.

Then again, was middle-age Europe also predominantly Christian with all those holy wars in Rome? So maybe a sign of progress in a society is the tone of religion you find around.

More agnostics and atheists = progress?